Large animals such as horses, cattle, llamas and alpacas, and even smaller livestock such as goats, sheep, and pigs all offer their own anatomic constraints and require quiet different laparoscopic surgery techniques to smaller companion animals and humans
Laparoscopic surgery in pigs (Paul Coronel Reyes). Note the use of the verres needle for insufflation. Pigs are commonly used as model for human laparoscopic surgery research.
Diagnostic laparoscopy in a pig, demonstratig normal abdominal anatomy (Paul Coronel Reyes)
Optical trocar access in a pig. This video demonstrates the use of an Ethicon optical controlled trocar for primary access in a pig laparoscopy (Paul Coronel Reyes). This may be compared to the Covidien "Visiport" cutting optical trocar video in the surgical video section.